Plunging with a plunger

Plunging with a Plunger
A plunger is used to unclog a toilet drain by creating force on the clog. When the handle of the plunger is pressed down, the volume of the rubber bell of the plunger decreases, increasing the pressure of the air trapped inside. That air pressure is transfered through the water in the drain to the clog. When the handle is subsequently pulled up, a partial vacuum is created and the direction of the pressure is reversed. A plunger designed with a larger bell that narrows at the bottom maximizes the pressure and focuses it on the drain.

Clogs that require plunging are not just common toilet problems, but can happen in a sink, tub or shower as well. Plunging is most effective if the rubber of the plunger is in good order, free from any cracks. The bottom of the plunger forms a good seal with the bowl surrounding the drain. Applying a thin layer of petroleum jelly to the rim of the plunger before starting can improve the seal.

For a clog in a kitchen sink with a dishwasher attached, clamp off the drain line from the dishwasher to the garbage disposal. If it is a two or three bowl sink, plug the drain of each other bowl with its drain plug or plastic-wrapped rags. Remove the drain plug, drain basket, and any debris in the clogged sink. Add enough water to the sink to cover the plunger cup. Place the plunger firmly over the bowl. Hold the handle perpendicular to the bowl, rather than at an angle, to maximize the effect. Pump the plunger up and down rapidly 8 to 12 times without lifting it from the bowl, then pull up sharply. Repeat this process a number of times if necessary.

For a bathroom sink or tub with an overflow drain, plug the overflow with plastic-wrapped rags or tape. Again, ensure that there are several inches of water, enough to cover the plunger bell. Plunge as for the kitchen sink above. If plunging is successful, remove any debris such as hair from the bowl and drain.

One of the things to check when working on a toilet is the water level in the bowl. The bowl should be about half full before starting to plunge. If the bowl is full, bail water out; if less, add water with a pail. If the water begins to drain, test by plunging again, and then by pouring in water with a pail.

If you are unable to remove the clog with a plunger, the next steps are to use a snake on a toilet or tub, or remove drain pipes and clear the trap of a sink.